{"id":1927,"date":"2020-04-11T18:55:46","date_gmt":"2020-04-11T16:55:46","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.ardpylab.fr\/?page_id=1927"},"modified":"2020-05-10T15:30:10","modified_gmt":"2020-05-10T13:30:10","slug":"les-dictionnaires","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.ardpylab.fr\/?page_id=1927","title":{"rendered":"Les dictionnaires"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><br>Comme les listes, les dictionnaires permettent de stocker des donn\u00e9es mais au lieu d&rsquo;utiliser des index pour les rep\u00e9rer, on utilise des cl\u00e9s alphanum\u00e9riques.<\/p>\n<p>Chaque \u00e9l\u00e9ment d&rsquo;un dictionnaire est compos\u00e9 de 2 parties, on parle de paires \u00ab\u00a0<strong>cl\u00e9\/valeur<\/strong>\u00ab\u00a0.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Pour ajouter des donn\u00e9es \u00e0 un dictionnaire il faut donc indiquer une cl\u00e9 ainsi qu&rsquo;une valeur&nbsp;:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">. Cr\u00e9ation d\u2019un dictionnaire&nbsp;:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 80px;\"><strong>dictionnaire = {cl\u00e91:valeur1, cl\u00e92:valeur2,\u2026}<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 80px;\"><strong>dictionnaire = {}<\/strong>&nbsp; (dictionnaire vide)<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">ou<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 80px;\"><strong>dictionnaire = dict([(cl\u00e91,valeur1), (cl\u00e92:valeur2),\u2026])<\/strong>&nbsp;&nbsp; (liste de tuples)<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 80px;\"><strong>dictionnaire = dict()<\/strong>&nbsp; (dictionnaire vide)<br><br><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">. Ajout d\u2019une donn\u00e9e&nbsp;:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\">\n<table style=\"width: 100%; height: 70px;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 70px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 70px; padding-left: 40px;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-1928\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ardpylab.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/pythondico1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"261\" height=\"111\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8211; La m\u00e9thode <strong>get ()<\/strong> permet de r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer une valeur du dictionnaire&nbsp;:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\">\n<table style=\"width: 100%; height: 70px;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 70px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 70px; padding-left: 40px;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-1929\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ardpylab.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/pythondico2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"282\" height=\"28\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8211; pour effacer une entr\u00e9e (cl\u00e9\/valeur), on utilise la fonction <strong>del <\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\">\n<table style=\"width: 100%; height: 70px;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 70px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 70px; padding-left: 40px;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-1930\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ardpylab.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/pythondico3.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"228\" height=\"46\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8211; A l\u2019aide d\u2019une boucle <strong>for<\/strong> et de la m\u00e9thode <strong>keys()<\/strong>, on peut r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer les cl\u00e9s d\u2019un dictionnaire&nbsp;:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\">\n<table style=\"width: 100%; height: 70px;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 70px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 70px; padding-left: 40px;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone  wp-image-1931\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ardpylab.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/pythondico4-300x65.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"337\" height=\"73\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ardpylab.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/pythondico4-300x65.png 300w, https:\/\/www.ardpylab.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/pythondico4.png 361w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 337px) 100vw, 337px\" \/><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8211; et avec la m\u00e9thode <strong>values()<\/strong>, on r\u00e9cup\u00e8re les valeurs&nbsp;:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\">\n<table style=\"width: 100%; height: 70px;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 70px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 70px; padding-left: 40px;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone  wp-image-1932\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ardpylab.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/pythondico5-300x44.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"409\" height=\"60\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ardpylab.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/pythondico5-300x44.png 300w, https:\/\/www.ardpylab.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/pythondico5.png 419w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 409px) 100vw, 409px\" \/><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8211; et pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer les cl\u00e9s et les valeurs en m\u00eame temps, on utilise la m\u00e9thode <strong>items()<\/strong> qui retourne un tuple&nbsp;:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\">\n<table style=\"width: 100%; height: 70px;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 70px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 70px; padding-left: 40px;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone  wp-image-1933\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ardpylab.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/pythondico6-300x68.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"525\" height=\"119\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ardpylab.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/pythondico6-300x68.png 300w, https:\/\/www.ardpylab.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/pythondico6.png 583w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 525px) 100vw, 525px\" \/><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n<div  class=\"grids-section grids-is-stretch\" style=\"--_gs-gap-desktop:0px 0px;--_gs-m-desktop:0 0 0 0;--_gs-p-desktop:0 0 0 0;--_gs-bg-desktop:transparent none;--_gs-bg-xp-desktop:0px;--_gs-zi-desktop:auto;--_gs-d-desktop:block;--_gs-mw-desktop:calc(100% - 0 - 0);--_gs-gap-tablet:0px 0px;--_gs-m-tablet:0 0 0 0;--_gs-p-tablet:0 0 0 0;--_gs-bg-tablet:transparent none;--_gs-bg-xp-tablet:0px;--_gs-zi-tablet:auto;--_gs-d-tablet:block;--_gs-mw-tablet:calc(100% - 0 - 0);--_gs-gap-mobile:0px 0px;--_gs-m-mobile:0 0 0 0;--_gs-p-mobile:0 0 0 0;--_gs-bg-mobile:transparent none;--_gs-bg-xp-mobile:0px;--_gs-zi-mobile:auto;--_gs-d-mobile:block;--_gs-mw-mobile:calc(100% - 0 - 0);--_gs-columns:2;--_gs-rows:1\"><div class=\"grids-s-w_i\">\n<div class=\"grids-area\" style=\"--_ga-column:1\/2;--_ga-row:1\/2;--_ga-m-desktop:0 0 0 0;--_ga-p-desktop:0 0 0 0;--_ga-bg-desktop:transparent none;--_ga-zi-desktop:auto;--_ga-d-desktop:flex;--_ga-mw-desktop:calc(100% - 0 - 0);--_ga-m-tablet:0 0 0 0;--_ga-p-tablet:0 0 0 0;--_ga-bg-tablet:transparent none;--_ga-zi-tablet:auto;--_ga-d-tablet:flex;--_ga-mw-tablet:calc(100% - 0 - 0);--_ga-m-mobile:0 0 0 0;--_ga-p-mobile:0 0 0 0;--_ga-bg-mobile:transparent none;--_ga-zi-mobile:auto;--_ga-d-mobile:flex;--_ga-mw-mobile:calc(100% - 0 - 0)\">\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"alignleft size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ardpylab.fr\/?page_id=1911\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"50\" height=\"28\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ardpylab.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/moins.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-107\"\/><\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"grids-area\" style=\"--_ga-column:2\/3;--_ga-row:1\/2;--_ga-m-desktop:0 0 0 0;--_ga-p-desktop:0 0 0 0;--_ga-bg-desktop:transparent none;--_ga-zi-desktop:auto;--_ga-d-desktop:flex;--_ga-mw-desktop:calc(100% - 0 - 0);--_ga-m-tablet:0 0 0 0;--_ga-p-tablet:0 0 0 0;--_ga-bg-tablet:transparent none;--_ga-zi-tablet:auto;--_ga-d-tablet:flex;--_ga-mw-tablet:calc(100% - 0 - 0);--_ga-m-mobile:0 0 0 0;--_ga-p-mobile:0 0 0 0;--_ga-bg-mobile:transparent none;--_ga-zi-mobile:auto;--_ga-d-mobile:flex;--_ga-mw-mobile:calc(100% - 0 - 0)\">\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"alignright size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ardpylab.fr\/?page_id=1943\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"50\" height=\"28\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ardpylab.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/plus.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-106\"\/><\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Comme les listes, les dictionnaires permettent de stocker des donn\u00e9es mais au lieu d&rsquo;utiliser des index pour les rep\u00e9rer, on utilise des cl\u00e9s alphanum\u00e9riques. Chaque \u00e9l\u00e9ment d&rsquo;un dictionnaire est compos\u00e9 de 2 parties, on parle de paires \u00ab\u00a0cl\u00e9\/valeur\u00ab\u00a0. &#8211; Pour ajouter des donn\u00e9es \u00e0 un dictionnaire il faut donc indiquer une cl\u00e9 ainsi qu&rsquo;une valeur&nbsp;: [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1927","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ardpylab.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1927","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ardpylab.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ardpylab.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ardpylab.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ardpylab.fr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1927"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.ardpylab.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1927\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ardpylab.fr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1927"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}