{"id":460,"date":"2020-03-23T12:32:37","date_gmt":"2020-03-23T11:32:37","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.ardpylab.fr\/?page_id=460"},"modified":"2020-05-10T16:53:26","modified_gmt":"2020-05-10T14:53:26","slug":"ondes-sonores-activite-2","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.ardpylab.fr\/?page_id=460","title":{"rendered":"Ondes sonores &#8211; Activit\u00e9 2"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>\u201d <\/em><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><em>Alarme sonore par d\u00e9tection de passage<\/em><\/span> <em>\u201d<br \/><br \/><\/em><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h4>\u00a0<\/h4>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\"><strong>. <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Objectif<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Dans cette activit\u00e9, le programme de production d&rsquo;un \u00ab\u00a0beep\u00a0\u00bb de l&rsquo;activit\u00e9 pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente va \u00eatre utilis\u00e9 comme alarme de d\u00e9tection de passage.<\/p>\n<p>Pour cela, on va ajouter \u00e0 notre montage une photor\u00e9sistance qui sera \u00e9clair\u00e9e par la DEL rouge. La sortie de la photor\u00e9sistance est connect\u00e9e \u00e0 l&rsquo;entr\u00e9e analogique <strong>A5 <\/strong>de l&rsquo;Arduino&nbsp;:<br><br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"339\" class=\"wp-image-461\" style=\"width: 600px;\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ardpylab.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Circuit-ondes-sonores2.jpg\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ardpylab.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Circuit-ondes-sonores2.jpg 836w, https:\/\/www.ardpylab.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Circuit-ondes-sonores2-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.ardpylab.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Circuit-ondes-sonores2-768x434.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\"><strong>. <u>Liste des composants<\/u>&nbsp;:<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">. 1 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ardpylab.fr\/downloads\/docs\/del.pdf\" data-wplink-url-error=\"true\">DEL<\/a> rouge<br>. 1 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ardpylab.fr\/downloads\/docs\/R220.pdf\" data-wplink-url-error=\"true\">r\u00e9sistance de 220 \u03a9<\/a> (r\u00e9sistance de protection de la DEL)&nbsp;<br>. 1 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ardpylab.fr\/downloads\/docs\/btnpush.pdf\" data-wplink-url-error=\"true\">bouton poussoir<\/a><br>. 1 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ardpylab.fr\/downloads\/docs\/R10.pdf\" data-wplink-url-error=\"true\">r\u00e9sistance de 10 k\u03a9<\/a> (r\u00e9sistance du bouton poussoir)<br>. 1 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ardpylab.fr\/downloads\/docs\/PhotoR.pdf\" data-wplink-url-error=\"true\">photor\u00e9sistance<\/a><br>. 1 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ardpylab.fr\/downloads\/docs\/R10b.pdf\" data-wplink-url-error=\"true\">r\u00e9sistance de 10 k\u03a9<\/a> (r\u00e9sistance de la photor\u00e9sistance)<br>. 1 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ardpylab.fr\/downloads\/docs\/potentiometre.pdf\" data-wplink-url-error=\"true\">potentiom\u00e8tre<\/a> de 10 k\u03a9<br>. 1 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ardpylab.fr\/downloads\/docs\/rappel-hp.pdf\" data-wplink-url-error=\"true\">buzzer<\/a><br>. 1 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ardpylab.fr\/downloads\/docs\/breadboard.pdf\" data-wplink-url-error=\"true\">plaque d\u2019essai<\/a> <br>. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ardpylab.fr\/downloads\/docs\/fils-connexion.pdf\" data-wplink-url-error=\"true\">Fils de connexion<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><br>La valeur de la broche <strong>A5 <\/strong>est alors proportionnelle \u00e0 l&rsquo;intensit\u00e9 lumineuse re\u00e7ue par la photor\u00e9sistance. <br>En pr\u00e9sence d&rsquo;un obstacle entre la DEL et la photor\u00e9sistance, la tension mesur\u00e9e au niveau de la broche <strong>A5<\/strong> diminue et quand celle-ci est inf\u00e9rieure \u00e0 un seuil (la sensibilit\u00e9 du capteur d\u00e9finie initialement), l&rsquo;alarme sonore est d\u00e9clench\u00e9e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4>&nbsp;<\/h4>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\"><strong><a id=\"anc1\"><\/a>. La photor\u00e9sistance<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Une photor\u00e9sistance est un composant \u00e9lectronique dont la r\u00e9sistance en Ohm (\u03a9) varie en fonction de l&rsquo;intensit\u00e9 lumineuse. Plus la luminosit\u00e9 est \u00e9lev\u00e9e, plus la r\u00e9sistance est basse. La photor\u00e9sistance est un capteur r\u00e9sistif.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"191\" height=\"119\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ardpylab.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/image-62.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-464\"\/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>On peut donc l&rsquo;utiliser comme capteur lumineux pour :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Mesure de la lumi\u00e8re ambiante.<\/li>\n<li>D\u00e9tecteur de lumi\u00e8re dans une pi\u00e8ce.<\/li>\n<li>Suiveur de lumi\u00e8re dans un robot.<\/li>\n<li>D\u00e9tecteur de passage.<\/li>\n<li>\u2026<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Ses symboles \u00e9lectroniques sont les suivants :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"214\" height=\"65\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ardpylab.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/image-63.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-465\"\/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><br>L&rsquo;avantage des photor\u00e9sistances est qu&rsquo;elles sont tr\u00e8s bon march\u00e9. Par contre, leur r\u00e9action \u00e0 la lumi\u00e8re est diff\u00e9rente pour chaque photor\u00e9sistance, m\u00eame quand elles ont \u00e9t\u00e9 produites dans le m\u00eame lot. On peut ainsi noter une diff\u00e9rence de r\u00e9sistance de plus de 50% entre deux photor\u00e9sistances du m\u00eame mod\u00e8le pour la m\u00eame luminosit\u00e9. On ne peut donc pas l&rsquo;utiliser pour une mesure pr\u00e9cise de la lumi\u00e8re. Par contre, elles sont id\u00e9ales pour mesurer des changements simples de la luminosit\u00e9.<br><br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>On\nutilise la photor\u00e9sistance dans un montage (Cf. ci-dessous), avec une\nr\u00e9sistance fixe de 10 k\u03a9, qu\u2019on appelle un <strong>diviseur de tension<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>La photor\u00e9sistance est aliment\u00e9e en 5V depuis l&rsquo;Arduino. Le point entre les deux r\u00e9sistances est reli\u00e9 \u00e0 une broche analogique de l&rsquo;Arduino et on mesure la tension de cette broche par la fonction <strong>\u201danalogRead&nbsp;(broche)\u201d<\/strong>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tout changement de la tension mesur\u00e9e est d\u00fb \u00e0 la photor\u00e9sistance puisque c\u2019est la seule r\u00e9sistance qui change dans ce circuit, en fonction de l\u2019intensit\u00e9 lumineuse qu\u2019elle re\u00e7oit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"427\" height=\"205\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ardpylab.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/image-64.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-466\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ardpylab.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/image-64.png 427w, https:\/\/www.ardpylab.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/image-64-300x144.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 427px) 100vw, 427px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><br>D\u2019apr\u00e8s la loi d\u2019additivit\u00e9 des tensions dans un circuit en s\u00e9rie&nbsp;:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\" style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"201\" height=\"64\" class=\"wp-image-468\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ardpylab.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/image-65.png\" alt=\"\"><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>U<sub>R<\/sub> est la tension appliqu\u00e9e sur l\u2019entr\u00e9e analogique de\nl\u2019Arduino. Quand l\u2019intensit\u00e9 lumineuse re\u00e7ue par la photor\u00e9sistance augmente, R<sub>ph\n<\/sub>diminue, donc U<sub>R <\/sub>augmente, et au contraire quand la luminosit\u00e9\ndiminue, R<sub>ph <\/sub>augmente et U<sub>R <\/sub>diminue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>On peut exprimer Ur en fonction de U&nbsp;:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"295\" height=\"173\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ardpylab.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/image-66.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-469\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u2019est la raison pour laquelle on appelle ce montage un diviseur de tension.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4>&nbsp;<\/h4>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\"><strong>. <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Le programme<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ardpylab.fr\/downloads\/ondes-sonores\/activity2.zip\" data-wplink-url-error=\"true\">Le programme de l&rsquo;activit\u00e9<\/a> pourra \u00eatre modifi\u00e9 pour voir l\u2019influence des variables (sensibilit\u00e9 du capteur, fr\u00e9quence de l\u2019onde sonore, dur\u00e9e d\u2019\u00e9mission, dur\u00e9e de silence).<br><br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ardpylab.fr\/downloads\/ondes-sonores\/Activity2\/Activity2.ino\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"541\" height=\"597\" class=\"wp-image-474\" style=\"border: 3px solid #eeeeee; padding: 3px; margin: 3px;\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ardpylab.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/ondes-sonores-activity2.png\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ardpylab.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/ondes-sonores-activity2.png 541w, https:\/\/www.ardpylab.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/ondes-sonores-activity2-272x300.png 272w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 541px) 100vw, 541px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><u><br>D\u00e9roulement du programme<\/u><\/strong><strong>&nbsp;:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&#8211; D\u00e9claration des constantes et variables&nbsp;:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">. <strong>const int PinLed = 9 <\/strong>&nbsp;(constante nombre entier correspondant au n\u00b0 de la broche sur laquelle la DEL rouge est connect\u00e9e)<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">. <strong>const int PinTone = 8 <\/strong>&nbsp;(constante nombre entier correspondant au n\u00b0 de la broche sur laquelle le buzzer est connect\u00e9)<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">. <strong>const int PinPhotoR = 5 <\/strong>&nbsp;(constante nombre entier correspondant au n\u00b0 de la broche sur laquelle la photor\u00e9sistance est connect\u00e9e)<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">. <strong>const int CapteurSensib = 500 <\/strong>(constante nombre entier correspondant \u00e0 la sensibilit\u00e9 du capteur)<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">. <strong>const int TimeSleep = 200 <\/strong>&nbsp;(constante nombre entier correspondant \u00e0 la dur\u00e9e d\u2019\u00e9mission sonore et de silence)<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">. <strong>int ValCapteur = 0 <\/strong>&nbsp;(variable nombre entier pour stocker la valeur du capteur)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><br>&#8211; Initialisation des entr\u00e9es et sorties&nbsp;:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ardpylab.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/ondes-sonores-activity2s-1024x362.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-479\" width=\"568\" height=\"201\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ardpylab.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/ondes-sonores-activity2s-1024x362.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.ardpylab.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/ondes-sonores-activity2s-300x106.png 300w, https:\/\/www.ardpylab.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/ondes-sonores-activity2s-768x272.png 768w, https:\/\/www.ardpylab.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/ondes-sonores-activity2s.png 1054w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 568px) 100vw, 568px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><br>&#8211; Fonction principale en boucle&nbsp;:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ardpylab.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/ondes-sonores-activity2l.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-480\" width=\"698\" height=\"767\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ardpylab.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/ondes-sonores-activity2l.png 804w, https:\/\/www.ardpylab.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/ondes-sonores-activity2l-273x300.png 273w, https:\/\/www.ardpylab.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/ondes-sonores-activity2l-768x844.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 698px) 100vw, 698px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n<div  class=\"grids-section grids-is-stretch\" style=\"--_gs-gap-desktop:0px 0px;--_gs-m-desktop:0 0 0 0;--_gs-p-desktop:0 0 0 0;--_gs-bg-desktop:transparent none;--_gs-bg-xp-desktop:0px;--_gs-zi-desktop:auto;--_gs-d-desktop:block;--_gs-mw-desktop:calc(100% - 0 - 0);--_gs-gap-tablet:0px 0px;--_gs-m-tablet:0 0 0 0;--_gs-p-tablet:0 0 0 0;--_gs-bg-tablet:transparent none;--_gs-bg-xp-tablet:0px;--_gs-zi-tablet:auto;--_gs-d-tablet:block;--_gs-mw-tablet:calc(100% - 0 - 0);--_gs-gap-mobile:0px 0px;--_gs-m-mobile:0 0 0 0;--_gs-p-mobile:0 0 0 0;--_gs-bg-mobile:transparent none;--_gs-bg-xp-mobile:0px;--_gs-zi-mobile:auto;--_gs-d-mobile:block;--_gs-mw-mobile:calc(100% - 0 - 0);--_gs-columns:2;--_gs-rows:1\"><div class=\"grids-s-w_i\">\n<div class=\"grids-area\" style=\"--_ga-column:1\/2;--_ga-row:1\/2;--_ga-m-desktop:0 0 0 0;--_ga-p-desktop:0 0 0 0;--_ga-bg-desktop:transparent none;--_ga-zi-desktop:auto;--_ga-d-desktop:flex;--_ga-mw-desktop:calc(100% - 0 - 0);--_ga-m-tablet:0 0 0 0;--_ga-p-tablet:0 0 0 0;--_ga-bg-tablet:transparent none;--_ga-zi-tablet:auto;--_ga-d-tablet:flex;--_ga-mw-tablet:calc(100% - 0 - 0);--_ga-m-mobile:0 0 0 0;--_ga-p-mobile:0 0 0 0;--_ga-bg-mobile:transparent none;--_ga-zi-mobile:auto;--_ga-d-mobile:flex;--_ga-mw-mobile:calc(100% - 0 - 0)\">\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"alignleft size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ardpylab.fr\/?page_id=439\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"50\" height=\"28\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ardpylab.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/moins.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-107\"\/><\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"grids-area\" style=\"--_ga-column:2\/3;--_ga-row:1\/2;--_ga-m-desktop:0 0 0 0;--_ga-p-desktop:0 0 0 0;--_ga-bg-desktop:transparent none;--_ga-zi-desktop:auto;--_ga-d-desktop:flex;--_ga-mw-desktop:calc(100% - 0 - 0);--_ga-m-tablet:0 0 0 0;--_ga-p-tablet:0 0 0 0;--_ga-bg-tablet:transparent none;--_ga-zi-tablet:auto;--_ga-d-tablet:flex;--_ga-mw-tablet:calc(100% - 0 - 0);--_ga-m-mobile:0 0 0 0;--_ga-p-mobile:0 0 0 0;--_ga-bg-mobile:transparent none;--_ga-zi-mobile:auto;--_ga-d-mobile:flex;--_ga-mw-mobile:calc(100% - 0 - 0)\">\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"alignright size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ardpylab.fr\/?page_id=490\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"50\" height=\"28\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ardpylab.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/plus.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-106\"\/><\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u201d Alarme sonore par d\u00e9tection de passage \u201d \u00a0 . Objectif Dans cette activit\u00e9, le programme de production d&rsquo;un \u00ab\u00a0beep\u00a0\u00bb de l&rsquo;activit\u00e9 pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente va \u00eatre utilis\u00e9 comme alarme de d\u00e9tection de passage. Pour cela, on va ajouter \u00e0 notre montage une photor\u00e9sistance qui sera \u00e9clair\u00e9e par la DEL rouge. La sortie de la photor\u00e9sistance est [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-460","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ardpylab.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/460","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ardpylab.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ardpylab.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ardpylab.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ardpylab.fr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=460"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.ardpylab.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/460\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ardpylab.fr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=460"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}